How can I mount sliding doors to the wall?

If you're open to other options besides a wood door, consider using a long curtain that you hang with a tension rod. I've used this alternative several times for closets and like how I can easily add a pop of color. Plus, it's cheaper and easier than installing a door.

Any reason the hardware needs to be mounted on the wall? Bifold doors come in 4' wide.

Some kind of a blind that could be raised and lowered?

Normal closet bifolds take very little space or depth to mount. If you have no space then extend the top mount out using a spacer plate then use molding to build out to cover the doors.

If your shelves are out to the opening of the doorway why not use the bifolds and notch the end of the shelves to allow for the doors to fold back. My bifolds only use about 1 1/2" from the center of the track to open. That means you'd only have to notch a 3/4 by 4" place for the door to open in.

Hardware for bifold doors, sliding doors, etc., mount on the door frame. Either centered, back edge, or front edge. Should not pose a problem.

Thanks so much! That's good to know. I had no idea they could be mounted outside. Problem solved😉!