What is the difference between water and oil-based polyurethane?

Excellent question! This will explain in further detail.

https://www.valentiflooring.com/blog/oil-based-vs-water-based-polyurethane

https://www.familyhandyman.com/floor/water-based-vs-oil-based-polyurethane-floor-finish/

In my opinion, water-based poly is for furniture that gets light use. Here's a link that tells you why:

https://theapplestreetcottage.blogspot.com/2016/06/no-more-polycrylic-for-my-tables.html

Water based poly dries fast. About an hour between coats. Does not yellow over time. No odor to contend with. Oil based has a yellow cast to it and does yellow over time. Takes a long time to dry. About three to six hours between coats.

Hello. I find the biggest difference is the cleanup I much prefer to clean up with soap and water vs mineral spirits or turpentine.

This is a helpful video explanation of the difference between the two: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1W0nLsV1G4

This also explains the difference between the two and how to choose which one to use: https://thecraftsmanblog.com/should-i-use-water-based-polyurethane/