Have you considered stenciling and painting them with a pattern? Tiles on the upgrade might be another alternative to consider. Also there is outdoor rugs and grass that make nice steps. If they are indoors, even wood is not out of range of possibilities.
We took our indoor outdoor carpet up and the backing stuck to the glue which is also stuck to the floor. The floor does not have a smooth finish, it is rough like a b...
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This may help, and they also make a nice rubber coating that can be rolled on
https://www.diynetwork.com/how-to/skills-and-know-how/masonry-and-tiling/how-to-patch-and-resurface-concrete-steps
Have you considered stenciling and painting them with a pattern? Tiles on the upgrade might be another alternative to consider. Also there is outdoor rugs and grass that make nice steps. If they are indoors, even wood is not out of range of possibilities.