only has the germination rate been excellent, but the carrots grow at set distances apart so there's no need for thinning the seedlings.

There's several options-I like using toilet paper, flour, and water. I've provided more information below and on my blog.

the shelves, my husband cut them out of MDF boards, I painted them with several coats of paint, and he installed them with aluminum channel. The channel allowed use of the shelf all the way to the back of the space. I counted and measured all the things in my food pantry to make the plan for how many shelves, how wide, tall and deep they needed to be. See the beginning and end result. It's so nice to be able to find things now. It turned out so nice, we did the 2nd pantry where I keep dishes, plastics, and mixed items for the kitchen!

or here. It's one of those projects that seems super easy, cheap and fun to do, and it is. The hardest part of this project is finding a good pallet to use. These plans work for a pallet that has 6 boards on the top and 4 on the back. I'm sure you can figure out how to do other pallet types, but this is what we got. DIY Pallet Bookshelves

before and after pics and the how-to here: http://www.thatwasawhat.blogspot.com/

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thought of Yucca, but they are not suitable for the cold temps in this area. I would like for them to grow only about 4 feet tall. Smaller would be fine. Thanks for any suggestions.

This powdery material is the remains of fertilizer or minerals in the potting soil inside the pot. Water wicks through the clay pot wall and the minerals dissolved in it dry on the outer surface.

The white stuff is composed of calcium, magnesium, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate and ammonium salts.

Simply soak the pot for an hour in a bucket of water and scrub off the white powder.