How to have my home insulated on the inside?

This article has some good tips on how to improve insulation inside the house. https://www.houselogic.com/organize-maintain/home-maintenance-tips/diy-home-insulation-tips-quick/

Do you mean walls?

You can insulate the windows by adding lined draperies. Helps summer and winter. Makes a huge difference, also adds sound proofing.

Are you referring to blown in cellulose or foam insulation into wall cavities, rockwool, or fiberglass batts?

The blown in foam can be done from outside, through holes cut in your mortar or siding, but you'll need someone with years of experience, expertise, and a good warranty.

Interior insulation can be anything from wrapping duct work, wrapping your hot water tank, insulating water pipes on exterior walls, placing thin foam gaskets inside your electrical outlets and switchplate covers, insulating basement walls, attic floors, ceilings, soffit and fascia, adding caulk around windows and doors, adding rugs with padding, insulated draperies, etc.

Dale, if I understand your question you are looking to create a thermal break and mitigate air infiltration from the interior of your home? We have used this technique in multiple homes. Using half inch closed cell Polyiso, you can glue this to interior walls, then drywall or panel over that. This is especially effective in homes built with thin walls that can't accommodate large volumes of insulation in the stud cavities. A similar technique can be used on the exterior and siding over it. These are both components of advanced building science techniques that are starting to be implemented in new construction and modified for retro installations.