Unfortunately you have to sand it. I have tried every way possible without sanding and it does not hold the paint. We sand down the finish until the sheen is gone. Then clean it with a soft damp cloth, let it dry and it is then ready to paint or stain. It is worth the work because the final result will be beautiful.
https://www.hgtv.com/design/make-and-celebrate/handmade/how-to-refinish-a-dining-room-table
https://www.pinterest.com/jillmcostello/kitchen-table-redo/
Unfortunately you have to sand it. I have tried every way possible without sanding and it does not hold the paint. We sand down the finish until the sheen is gone. Then clean it with a soft damp cloth, let it dry and it is then ready to paint or stain. It is worth the work because the final result will be beautiful.