Up cycle Formica desk?

Yes, it can. Here's a link:

https://www.bobvila.com/articles/how-to-paint-formica/

Great question, yes it can be painted. Doing the correct prep and using good paint products would be suggested.

Here’s a helpful ink.

https://youtu.be/1GpvmZFbBr8

Here's a good link with step by step instructions:

https://www.wikihow.com/Paint-Laminate-Furniture

Yes, I would recommend using a countertop painting kit like Gianni for durability.

Formica CAN be painted. There are good primers now that help paint adhere better to surfaces such as formica. Here's some pro advice.

https://www.bobvila.com/articles/how-to-paint-formica/

Formica (laminate) can be painted

https://www.hometalk.com/diy/home-office/furniture/diy-desk-makeover-how-to-paint-laminate-44373394

https://www.hometalk.com/search/posts?filter=paint%20laminate

This homeowner painted a formica table, and it came out quite well: https://www.confessionsofaserialdiyer.com/how-to-paint-a-laminate-kitchen-table/

Here is how you can paint it (without sanding!): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEhcaG70-GM

This may help: https://www.1915house.com/old-formica-table-gets-fresh-new-look/

Yes as long as you prep the top first lightly sand the top first then clean it then paint

You could use chalk paint

Yes. I would use a good primer to ensure the paint adheres well and if it's a table that will get a lot of use I would also consider adding a spray sealer on top.