What paint to use on outdoor concrete table

No reason you could not apply clear polyurethane. Same advice as for a garage floor would apply:

https://www.hunker.com/12328419/how-to-apply-polyurethane-to-concrete-floors

Give it a good sanding, wash it off, let it dry, then use a concrete stain on it.

Wash well with a power washer first and some Purple Power. It may make the concrete less bumpy. If not spray it with an acrylic spray to seal.

My family used to make concrete lawn ornaments. When there were small bubble holes, we made a slurry of powdered concrete, wet the area with a wet rag and with rubber gloves, smooth out the holes. Let it dry, repeat if needed, until it's smooth, then wipe it down with a damp rag. If you like the cement color, leave it that way, then you don't have to paint it, ever!

We have stained and painted concrete, both were tinted. Benjamin Moore products. No sealing needed, but the paint wore better than the stain.

I use cheap walmart spray paint and then a marine sealer if outside in the elements.