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Nothing much. Once particle board gets wet and dries it crumbles. Also can swell from the moisture. If it's not too bad you can try a few coats of a water based polyurethane to seal the areas temporarily until you can replace it.
You need to keep the humidity low and the particle board away from sources of water.
Use a solvent-based polyurethane (exterior grade) on the particle board that is crumbling. This will soak in and hopefully glue it all back together. Think about gluing a thin plastic of some sort over the area so that the particleboard isn't exposed to moisture anymore.
I got this off of Google after checking that my idea was correct... LOL.
Get wood glue & sawdust. Apply glue add sawdust. Let dry, prime and paint then cover with Thompsons water seal. Dont forget to use silicone caulking around taps and edge of sink
Once it starts to deteriorate it's done. Need to replace. Hopefully you've repaired the water leak that caused it.