How many years does a roof last & how do I know when I need to replace
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Depends of several factors: the roofing material itself; climate; trees. If you know the manufacturer of the roofing material you can look up what the manufacturer's estimates are. Otherwise, contact an honorable contractor and have them evaluate the roof. Good luck.
If you live in an area where you get frequent storms with lots of wind, you will want to either inspect your roof every few years or have someone do it. One good sign of a failing roof is when you see the granules separating from the asphalt backing.
For example, they will pour out onto the ground or in the splash block from the downspouts. OR, you will notice that the roof looks dirty. This could be from fungus from trees, or it could be missing granules.
AND check your roof at least every 10 years for the first couple of times and then at 20 years, check it every year or so!
If you have a roof other than asphalt, google your roof type and proceed from what you learn. If you have any concern, call a roofer or a contractor you trust to check out the roof!
What type of roof do you have? Metal? Tile? Composite shingle?
shingle roof will last about 15-30 years, metal roof about 40 years
I agree with all! If it's a shingle roof check if the edges are losing material. If the shingles are cupping and/or slightly raised. If the shingles really look rough. Also check how many layers there are. Basically two layers are allowed. Then the roof would need to be a complete tear off down to the decking and replaced.
If regular shingles, expect 10 years. If you see edges curling up it's time to have a pro check it out. I you find a lot of sandy looking stuff in gutters or under downspouts is another sign. At 10 year mark start keeping and eye out for leaks by going through attic after bad/heavy rains. Look for drips or dark spots on wood. If you ever see dark spots in the ceiling you have a leak and need to have it checked for replacement. Don't wait too long or ceiling will have to be replaced too.