When is the best time to prune my roses. And how far back do I prune t

Late winter to early spring is the time to prune roses.

http://homeguides.sfgate.com/proper-way-trim-rose-bush-45861.html

https://m.wikihow.com/Prune-Rose-Bushes

I live in California and hard prune to the soil level in January. In the fall, I feed them monthly so the roots store nutrient.

I agree with Naomie but I think it can also be done in fall depending on where you live. I read on a garden expert site that most people don't cut back far enough as they don't want to cut off a few blooms or new growth, but apparently it helps the rose bush get stronger and produce more flowers. I started mixing in good dirt with manure around mine, in fall, instead of spring and wow, I had never gotten so many blooms the following year.

Wait until very late winter or very early spring before they get leaves. Also fee d them with banana peels as they like potassium and I feed mine that way and everyone stops on our street to tell me how much they enjoy my roses as they bloom so nicely!

I agree about the bananas and have used them every spring and get lots of compliments about them. However, you must shred them and scratch them into the dirt where the roots are.

In the fall when it is going dormant, cut out the dead wood and cut it back to the ground.Reduce the size of it when it is not growing, then in spring when it starts to growing again you should see new wood and blooms.

before frost date, cut down to at least a foot.

I was always told February when it was very cold and then you cut them back to about 18 inches, but it is different for different types in different parts of the country PLUS you need to sterilize the clippers/pruners so please do some research first. If this is a climbing bush you need to know what you are doing.