How do I decide on floor covering?

No, paint the concrete or use engineered hard wood.

I wouldn't use bamboo because of the moisture. Maybe a vinyl flooring of some sort would work in this situation.

Vinyl flooring works well for basements with moisture issues.

You need to be careful with vinyl floors in the basement. If water/moisture gets under the vinyl flooring and onto the concrete the moisture will cause mold because the vinyl doesn't allow it to dry out. If you are getting occasional water in your basement due to heavy rains or snow melt check out what you can do to eliminate that problem. I had to install new "seamless" rain gutter that didn't leak and a little bit of redoing my sloping landscaping and window wells. I haven't had any issues at all with water coming in since I did that. If you are just concerned about small spills I think you would be OK with the vinyl but not if you end up with standing water.

I would just paint them with concrete paint. There's stuff specifically formulated for basement/garage type floors. It seals the concrete so anything spilt will bead vs absorb. This is what we plan on doing in our basement for the same reason. Just haven't had the money to do so yet.

I would paint the floor with concrete paint or discuss tile with a tile store.

Check into the new hardwood looking floor tiles that are water resistant. They are very attractive.