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When and how do I prune my knock out rose bushes?

How much? They are 6' tall
Prune now. And prune all the way to the soil level. Feed them and wait until spring for your rewards! Nothing happens on top of the soil in the fall/winter. So feed them, knowing they are storing all the nutrients in the roots. And then BOOM! Spring time comes and you’ll be so happy!!!
Wait until the plants show some growth before fertilizing. At this time you can also see what will require pruning as you may have some dead areas which need to clipped.
"Pruning" roses is typically performed in late winter to early spring depending on where you live. I am in zone 9 and already pruned mine. Fertilizing will not start for a few more weeks. Here are some sites for reference.
https://www.thespruce.com/roses-how-and-when-to-prune-1403040
https://www.gardendesign.com/roses/pruning.html
https://gardenerspath.com/how-to/pruning/roses/
https://www.planetnatural.com/rose-gardening-guru/pruning/
Here is a site on fertilizing.
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/roses/rose-fertilizer.htm
And for your bougainvillea.
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/vines/bougainvillea/pruning-bougainvilleas.htm
Trim or deadhead the roses throughout the growing season to promote new growth and more blooms.