Moles & Gophers in the back yard?

I had those exact same holes in my dirt back yard. Mine were bee's and Ants not rodents. Buy some cheap ground cover or roll's of plastic and cover the infested area. Use those yard staples to hold it down and leave it there as long as you can. The bee's and ant's wont be able to get out and back in their underground hives to supply and sustain the Queen's inside. Once the Queen's die the bee's die. Ya got to keep after it and eventually you'll be rid of them. Or you can hire somebody to come in and spray and moniture it. After the bee's are gone you'll need to turn the dirt over and cover the holes or they will start back up again. It took me several weeks to do the ground covering to get rid of mine then I just rotor-tilled over the area to cover up all the holes.

I agree with Dallas's response. Your holes resemble those of ground bees/wasps, and not moles.

The holes look like ground bees. "Not only are they not a threat, the ground bee serves a very important roll in providing very helpful ecological services including pollination. Many species of ground bees with their pollinating services are quite necessary in the production of various spring crops such as apples, blueberries and cherries."

"If you feel you must get rid of ground bees even for the brief time they live in your lawn, there is no need to use pesticides of any kind. Ground bees prefer dry soil to nest in, and simply watering the area that they have chosen will cause them to move to another area."

"They will probably only be around for four to six weeks and then disappear until next year. If you must control them, use cultural controls. * Ground bees like dry soils. Water the soil when bees first become active."

"There are some smells that bees don’t like and mothballs are one of them. To use mothballs, hang them near the bee nest or nests, and eventually, the smell will deter the bees from coming back. You can also hang mothballs in different places around your yard to keep your entire yard bee free."

Thanks Olivia. I will follow up on Dallas's advise. Cheers!

Not sure that those are gopher holes, they don't really look large enough

NOT gopher, moles or voles . . .

https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/gopher-hole

https://youtu.be/pTEzqB5wjcE

Looks like Robyn has your answer. Good luck!

I have the same holes in my backyard. I thought it was from chipmunks, but maybe it's from bees. If so, I don't have a problem with the bees - I haven't noticed any bees in my backyard.

I dont thinks these are gopher holes ... they are too small

Natural home remedies to spread onto your yard and in molehills include using castor oil, cayenne pepper, garlic, and red pepper — or plant flowers like daffodils and marigolds, which are natural mole deterrents

Those are most likely voles. Use mousetraps - Many people drill a hole through the trap behind the spring and use a nail to push the trap into the ground. A vole is slightly bigger than a mouse and this provides more stability for the trap. Another option is poison. Once removed you need to close up the holes with pea gravel. You also need to close any holes around the foundation of your house or you will have a reinfestation.